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How this emphasis on intention was to be interpreted became a matter of debate in and between the various Buddhist schools. Not by birth is one a brahmin or an outcaste, but by deeds ( kamma). It is a rejection of caste-bound differences, giving the same possibility to reach liberation to all people, not just Brahmanins: Īccording to Gombrich, this was a great innovation, which overturns brahmanical, caste-bound ethics. The Buddha defined karma as intention whether the intention manifested itself in physical, vocal or mental form, it was the intention alone which had a moral character: good, bad or neutral The focus of interest shifted from physical action, involving people and objects in the real world, to psychological process. Actions, then, must be intentional if they are to generate karmic fruits. It is the psychological impulse behind an action that is 'karma', that which sets going a chain of causes culminating in karmic fruit. Intending, one does kamma by way of body, speech, & intellect. Intention ( cetana) I tell you, is kamma. The Nibbedhika Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya 6.63: In the Buddhist tradition, karma refers to actions driven by intention ( cetanā), a deed done deliberately through body, speech or mind, which leads to future consequences. The cycle of rebirth is determined by karma, literally "action". Hereby the ongoing process of rebirth is stopped. This path leads to vidyā, and the stilling of trsnā and dvesa. Liberation from samsāra can be attained by following the Buddhist Path. It is a beginningless and ever-ongoing process. It says that birth and death in the six realms occur in successive cycles driven by ignorance ( avidyā), desire ( trsnā), and hatred ( dvesa). Rebirth,, is a common belief in all Buddhist traditions. The concepts of karma and karmaphala explain how our intentional actions keep us tied to rebirth in samsara, whereas the Buddhist path, as exemplified in the Noble Eightfold Path, shows us the way out of samsara. Karma and karmaphala are fundamental concepts in Buddhism. Tibetan Bhavacakra or "Wheel of Life" in Sera, Lhasa. One sows a seed, there is a time lag during which some mysterious invisible process takes place, and then the plant pops up and can be harvested. The metaphor is derived from agriculture: The remote effects of karmic choices are referred to as the 'maturation' (vipāka) or 'fruit' (phala) of the karmic act." A similar term is karmavipaka, the "maturation" or "cooking" of karma: rgyu 'bras ) is the "fruit", "effect" or "result" of karma. The word karma derives from the verbal root kṛ, which means "do, make, perform, accomplish." las ) is a Sanskrit term that literally means "action" or "doing".
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Karma (Sanskrit, also karman, Pāli: kamma, Tib. 5 Modern interpretations and controversies.4.1.3 Vaibhāṣika-Sarvāstivādin tradition.